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Publications

Our scientists have shared their findings in articles in many of the world's leading scientific publications. Articles in peer-reviewed publications provide strong validation from the scientific community of Maxygen's technologies. Free reprints of many of these articles are available by clicking here.


Year: 2007

Author(s)   Title   Source
Brideau-Anderson A.D., Huang, X., Sun S.C. Chang, Chen T.T., Stark D, Sas IJ, Zadik L, Dawes G.N., Guptill D.R., McCord R, Govindarajan S, Roy A, Yang S, Gao J, Chen Y. H., Skartved N.J.O., Pedersen A. K., Lin D., Locher C. P., Rebbapragada I, Jensen A. D., Bass, S. H., Straight Nissen T. L., Viswanathan S, Foster G.R., Symons J. A., Patten P. A.   Directed evolution of gene-shuffled IFN alpha molecules with activity profiles tailored for treatment of chronic viral diseases.   Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A., May 15, 104(20):8269-8274
 
 

Year: 2006

Author(s)   Title   Source
Apt, D., Raviprakash, K., Brinkman, A., Semyonov, A., Yang, S., Skinner, C., Diehl, L., Lyons, R., Porter, K., Punnonen, J.   Tetravalent neutralizing antibody response against four dengue serotypes by a single chimeric dengue envelope antigen.   Vaccine, 24:335-344
 
 

Year: 2005

Author(s)   Title   Source
Stutzman-Engwall K., Conlon S., Fedechko R., McArthur H., Pekrun K., Chen Y., Jenne S., La C., Trinh N., Kim S., Zhang Y-X., Fox R., Gustafsson C., and Krebber A.   Semi-synthetic DNA shuffling of aveC leads to improved industrial scale production of doramectin by Streptomyces avermitilis   Metabolic Engineering, January 7(1): 27-37
 
Locher C.P., Paidhungat M., Whalen R.G. and Punnonen J.   DNA shuffling and screening strategies for improving vaccine efficacy.   DNA and Cell Biology, April, 24(4): 256-263
 
Wright A., Semyonov A., Dawes G., Crameri A., Lyons R., Stemmer WPC, Apt D., Punnonen J.   Diverse plasmid DNA vectors by directed evolution of cytomegalovirus promoters   Human Gene Therapy, July 16 (7): 881-892
 
 

Year: 2004

Author(s)   Title   Source
Castle, L.A., Siehl D.L., Gorton R., Patten, P.A., Chen Y.H., Bertain S., Cho H-J., Duck N., Wong, J., Liu D. and Lassner M.W.   Discovery and directed evolution of a glyphosate tolerance gene.   Science, May 21, 304(5674): 1151-1154
 
Locher C.P., Heinrichs V., Apt, D. and Whalen R.G.   Overcoming antigenic diversity and improving vaccines using DNA shuffling and screening technologies.   Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, April 4(4): 589-597
 
Locher, C.P., Soong N.W., Whalen R.G. and Punnonen J.   Development of novel vaccines using DNA shuffling and screening strategies.   Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics, February, 6(1): 34-39
 
Newman, L.M., Garcia, H., Hudlicky T. and Selifonov S.A.   Directed evolution of the dioxygenase complex for the synthesis of furanone flavor compounds.   Tetradedron, January 12, 60(3):729-734
 
 

Year: 2003

Author(s)   Title   Source
Perlman S., van den Hazel B., Christiansen J., Gram-Nielsen S., Jeppesen C.B., Andersen K.V., Halkier T., Okkels S. and Schambye H.T.   Glycosylation of an N-terminal extension prologs the half-life and increases the in vivo activity of follicle stimulating hormone   Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, July, 88(7): 3227-3235
 
Patten P.A. and Schellekens H.   The immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals   In: Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Biological Products, Brown F., Mire-Sluis A.R. (eds.) Basel, Karger. Developments in Biologicals, 112:81-97 published April 2003
 
Masci P., Bukowski R., Patten P.A., Osborn B.L., and Borden E.C.   New and modified interferon alfas: preclinical and clinical data   Current Oncology Reports, March 2003, 5(2): 108-113
 
Leong, Steven R., Chang, Jean, C.C., Ong, Randal, Dawes, Glenn, Stemmer, Willem P.C., and Punnonen, Juha   Optimized expression and specific activity of IL-12 by directed molecular evolution   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 100, Issue 3, 1163-1168, February 4, 2003
 
Karrer, E., Bass, S., Parmley, S., and Punnonen, J.   Strategies to Develop Allergy Immunotherapeutics with Applications of Directed Molecular Evolution   Curr. Med. Chem. -Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents, 2:228-236
 
 

Year: 2002

Author(s)   Title   Source
Boesen, T.P., Soni, B., Schwartz, T. W. and Halkier, T.   Single-chain Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Variant with Antagonist Activity   The Journal of Biological Chemistry, October 25, 277 (43): pp. 40335-40341
 
Patnaik R., Louie S., Gavrilovic V., Perry K., Stemmer W.P.C., Ryan C.M. and del Cardayre S.   Genome shuffling of lactobacillus for improved acid tolerance   Nature Biotechnology, July, 20(7): 707-712
 
Lassner M.W. and McElroy D.   Directed molecular evolution: bridging the gap between genomics leads and commercial products   OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, April, 6(2):153-162
 
Lazetic, S., Leong, S., Chang, J.C.C., Ong, R., Dawes, G., Punnonen, J.   Chimeric co-stimulatory molecules that selectively act through CD28 or CTLA-4 on human T cells   Journal of Biological Chemistry, October 11, 277 (41): pp. 38660-38668.
 
Li X., Lassner M. and Zhang Y.   Deleteagene: a fast neutron deletion mutagenesis-based gene knockout system for plants   Comparative and Functional Genomics (Conference Review). April, 3(2): 158-160. Published online March 7, 2002 in Wiley InterScience.
 
Pekrun K., Shibata R., Igarashi T., Reed M., Sheppard L., Patten P.A., Stemmer W.P.C., Martin M.A. and Soong N.-W.   Evolution of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variant with enhanced replication in pig-tailed macaque cells by DNA Shuffling   Journal of Virology, March, 76(6): 2924-2935.
 
Zhang Y.-X., Perry K., Vinci V.A., Powell K., Stemmer W.P.C. and del Cardayre S.B.   Genome shuffling leads to rapid phenotypic improvement in bacteria   Nature, February 7, 415(6872): 644-646
 
Reed M., Mariani R., Sheppard L., Pekrun K., Landau N.R. and Soong N.W.   Chimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 containing murine leukemia virus matrix assembles in murine cells   Journal of Virology, January, 76(1): 436-443.
 
 

Year: 2001

Author(s)   Title   Source
Powell K.A., Ramer S.W., del Cardayre S.B., Stemmer W.P.C., Tobin M.B., Longchamp P.F. and Huisman G.W   Directed evolution and biocatalysis   Angewandte Chemie International Edition, November 5, 40(21): 3948-3959.
 
Raillard S.A., Krebber A., Chen Y., Ness J.E., Bermudez E., Trinidad R., Fullem R., Davis C., Welch M., Seffernick J., Wackett L.P., Stemmer W.P.C. and Minshull J.   Novel enzyme activities and functional plasticity revealed by recombining highly homologous enzymes   Chemistry & Biology, September, 8(9): 891-898.
 
Gustafsson C., Govindarajan S. and Emig R.   Exploration of sequence space for protein engineering.   Journal of Molecular Recognition, September-October, 14(5): 308-314.
 
Kurtzman A.L., Govindarajan S., Vahle K., Jones J.T., Heinrichs V. and Patten P.A.   Advances in directed protein evolution by recursive genetic recombination: applications to therapeutic proteins   Current Opinion in Biotechnology, August, 12(4): 361-370
 
Li X., Song Y., Century K., Straight S., Ronald P., Dong X., Lassner M. and Zhang Y.   A fast neutron deletion mutagenesis-based reverse genetics system for plants   The Plant Journal, August, 27(3): 235-242.
 
Kolkman J.A. and Stemmer W.P.C.   Directed evolution of proteins by exon shuffling   Nature Biotechnology, May, 19(5): 423-428
 
Lassner M. and Bedbrook J.   Directed molecular evolution in plant improvement   Current Opinion in Plant Biology, April, 4(2): 152-156
 
Orencia M.C., Yoon J.S., Ness J.E., Stemmer W.P.C. and Stevens R.C.   Predicting the emergence of antibiotic resistance by directed evolution and structural analysis   Nature Structural Biology, March, 8(3): 238-242
 
Whalen R.G., Kaiwar R., Soong N.W. and Punnonen J.   DNA shuffling and vaccines   Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics, February, 3(1): 31-36
 
Ness J.E., Del Cardayre S.B., Minshull J., and Stemmer W.P.C.   Molecular breeding: the natural approach to protein design   Advances in Protein Chemistry, October 11, 2000, 55:261-292
 
 

Year: 2000

Author(s)   Title   Source
Powell S.K., Kaloss M.A., Pinkstaff A., McKee R., Burimski I., Pensiero M., Otto E., Stemmer W.P.C., and Soong N. -W.   Breeding of retroviruses by DNA shuffling for improved stability and processing yields   Nature Biotechnology, December 18(12): 1279-1282
 
Yamamoto T., and Dean D.H.   Insecticidal proteins produced by bacteria pathogenic to agricultural pests   Entomopathogenic Bacteria: From Laboratory to Field Application, J.-F. Charles, A. Delecluse, C. Nielsen-Le Roux (eds.), Dordrecht ; Boston, MA : Kluwer Academic Publishers, October 2000. pp.81-100
 
Tobin M.B., Gustafsson C., and Huisman G.W.   Directed evolution: the ‘rational’ basis for ‘irrational’ design   Current Opinion in Structural Biology, August, 10(4): 421-427
 
Chang C-C.J., Wright A., and Punnonen J.   Monocyte-derived CD1a+ and CD1a- dendritic cell subsets differ in their cytokine production profiles, susceptibilities to transfection, and capacities to direct Th cell differentiation   Journal of Immunology, October 1, 165(7): 3584-3591
 
Punnonen J., Whalen R.G., Patten P.A., and Stemmer W.P.C.   Molecular breeding by DNA shuffling   Science & Medicine, March/April, 7(2): 38-47
 
Soong N.W., Nomura L., Pekrun K., Reed M., Sheppard L., Dawes G., and Stemmer W.P.C.   Molecular breeding of viruses   Nature Genetics, August, 25(4): 436-439
 
Punnonen J. (2000)   Molecular breeding of allergy vaccines and antiallergic cytokines   International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, March, 121(3): 173-182
 
Merz A; Yee MC; Szadkowski H; Pappenberger G; Crameri A; Stemmer WPC; Yanofsky C; Kirschner K   Improving the catalytic activity of a thermophilic enzyme at low temperatures   Biochemistry, February 8, 39 (5): 880-889
 
 

Year: 1999

Author(s)   Title   Source
Ness J.E., Welch M., Giver L., Bueno M., Cherry J.R., Borchert T.V., Stemmer W.P.C., and Minshull J.   DNA shuffling of subgenomic sequences of subtilisin   Nature Biotechnology, September, 17(9): 893-896
 
Affholter J. and Arnold F.H.   Engineering a revolution   Chemtech, September, 29(9): 34-39
 
Chang C.-C. J., Chen T. T., Cox B. W., Dawes G. N., Stemmer W. P. C., Punnonen J., Patten P. A.   Evolution of a cytokine using DNA family shuffling   Nature Biotechnology, August, 17(8): 793-797
 
Stemmer W. P. C. and Soong, N.W.   Molecular breeding of viruses for targeting and other clinical properties   Tumor Targeting, July, 4(2): 59-62
 
Minshull J. and Stemmer W.P.C.   Protein evolution by molecular breeding   Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, June, 3(3): 284-290
 
Tobin M., Affholter J.A., Stemmer W.P.C., Minshull J.   Colorless green ideas   Nature Biotechnology, April, 17(4): 333-334
 
Affholter J. and Arnold F.H.   Engineering a revolution   Chemistry in Britain, April, 35(4): 48-51
 
Christians, F.C., Scapozza, L., Crameri, A., Folkers, G., and Stemmer W.P.C.   Directed evolution of thymidine kinase for AZT phosphorylation using DNA family shuffling   Nature Biotechnology, March, 17(3): 259-264
 
 

Year: 1998

Author(s)   Title   Source
Crameri, A., Raillard, S. Bermudez, E., and Stemmer, W.P.C.   DNA shuffling of a family of genes from diverse species accelerates directed evolution   Nature, January 15, 391(6664): 288-291
 
 

Year: 1997

Author(s)   Title   Source
Patten, P. A., Howard, R. J., and Stemmer, W.P.C.   Applications of DNA shuffling to pharmaceuticals and vaccines   Current Opinion in Biotechnology, December, 8(6): 724-733
 
Crameri, A., Dawes, G., Rodriguez, E., Silver, S. and Stemmer, W.P.C.   Molecular evolution of an arsenate detoxification pathway by DNA shuffling   Nature Biotechnology, May, 15(5): 436-438
 
Zhang, J., Dawes, G. and Stemmer, W.P.C.   Directed evolution of a fucosidase from a galactosidase by DNA shuffling and screening   Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A., April 29, 94(9): 4504-4509
 
 

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